What are the La Niña and El Niño phenomena that affect Mexico in periods?

The El Niño and La Niña phenomena are two opposite phases of a climate cycle known as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which mainly affects the temperature of the surface waters of the equatorial Pacific Ocean and global atmospheric circulation.

El Niño is characterized by an unusual warming of the waters of the equatorial Pacific Ocean, which has significant effects on global climate patterns. This may result in warmer, wetter conditions in some regionswhile others may experience severe droughts. In contrast, La Niña involves a cooling of these same waters, which can lead to colder winters and drier conditions in certain parts of the world.

When does La Niña begin and what effects will it have on Mexico?

The National Meteorological Service of Mexico (SMN) issued a warning in which it reported that there is a 49% probability that the La Niña phenomenon will develop in the country between June and August. The odds increase to 69% for the season between July and September.

La Niña usually develops when the surface waters of the equatorial Pacific are colder than normal. This phenomenon can begin to manifest towards the end of the year and extend until several months of the following year. In Mexico, La Niña can bring with it several effects:

Increase in the frequency and intensity of rain in specific regions, such as the southeast of the country.

Influence on hurricane season, potentially increasing cyclonic activity in the Atlantic Norte.

Possibility of extreme weather events such as flooding and severe storms.

Constant monitoring of these phenomena by meteorological and civil protection institutions is crucial to prepare and respond. adequately to climate changes that may affect Mexico and other regions of the worldThese events not only have immediate impacts on agriculture and infrastructure, but can also affect food security and public health.

Understanding El Niño and La Niña helps to anticipate their effects and take preventive and mitigation measures that can reduce the risks associated with these global climate phenomena.