The Hindu businessman played an important role in the Mughal period. Traders’ trading companies who traded from Southeast Asia. They followed their moral values. He lived a simple life and did not show wealth.
The Mughal kings often borrowed from them. In the last period Mughal, when Farrukh was coming from Bengal to achieve the throne, he had returned Hindu businessmen to pay for his expenses in Patna.
When the East India Company established power in India, Hindu trade companies were protected from looting. He also supported and supported the company’s government.
During the company, different sections of Hindu businessmen came into being. Among them, Marwadi traders had a special reputation. He belonged to Bikaner, Rajputana. They soon controlled the trade. Other traders belonged to Kathiawar, who were famous for their business skills and capital.
The other business classes were from two famous cities of Sindh, Hyderabad and Shikarpur. These big campaigns and businessmen were expertise.
Hyderabad traders promoted their trade in northern India, Burma and Southeast Asia. Shikarpur traders spread their trade to Central Asia, Russia, China and Europe.
These traders, with their capital, settled their separate neighborhoods in Hyderabad, Sukkur and Shikarpur, laid the foundation of schools and colleges, built gardens, built public halls.
The club’s culture was enlightened for social activities. Where there were cultural activities. Established libraries in cities, which promoted Sindhi language and literature.
Hindu businessmen did not participate in politics in the early British era and spent all their time in commercial activities. But when the political struggle of the Congress and the independence of India came to a close, Hindu trade companies financed the Congress.
The purpose was that after independence, the Congress government would provide them with trade opportunities.
Thus, after the independence of 1947, the Congress government was formed, and Prime Minister Nehru took control of Hindu businessmen by adopting a policy of socialism so that they could not kill the people because of their capital. It created hopelessness among Hindu investors.
Nehru took several steps to make the middle class influential. The foundation for science and social sciences research institutes. Establish higher educational institutions for them so that the educated middle class will be able to reform the Indian society by participating in bureaucracy and administrative affairs in the state of India.
Nehru did not reform the lower class people to improve their education and their standard of living.
As long as the Congress remained in power in India, the Hindu business class could not get full freedom. Therefore, this section of traders gradually turned to Hindu religion rather than socialism. From 1996 to the present day, the BJP government was helped by the capitalist business class and made it successful in the elections.
During this historic journey of the Hindu middle class, not only changed values but it revolutionized its daily life. Now this class exhibits its wealth.
He lives a luxury rather than a simple life. He spends crores of rupees on payment of rituals. There is little to improve society than your capital.
Religious extremism gains popularity. Middle -class people who get higher education leave a large number of country and move to the United States, Canada or any European country.
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The difference between the rich and the poor has increased greatly. The middle class has obtained all the privileges while living in their circle and left the public in a state of helplessness.
After independence in Pakistan, a new middle class emerged. The Hindu middle class from Sindh collectively migrated to India. Sikhs and Hindus also moved to East Punjab due to the riots in Punjab.
To meet the vacuum created in Sindh, a large number of refugees came from India, which was unfamiliar with the local situation, but these refugees held high positions in the state, which gradually led to conflicts between them and the locals.
These disputes forwarded the form of riots between the Sindhi and the refugees.
Since the democratic system could not be established in Pakistan, the dictatorial governments did not create political stability. The quality of educational institutions continued to decrease day by day. Lack of industry and lack of employment has reduced job opportunities. Under these circumstances, the middle class was divided into two parts.
First of all, he could get higher education from English medium schools and passed in the competition exams and took advantage of the state’s higher positions, and among them there were people who migrated to the United States and Europe.
The lower part of the middle class spends all its energy on the one hand to somehow join the upper class. For this purpose, he not only works hard but also becomes involved in corruption.
He is always afraid that he will not be part of the lower class because of poverty, so his life goes on in the same struggle.
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