Between Geopolitical Realism and Normative Constructivism

FROM Realism point of view, this visit can be interpreted as part of a strategy China to expand its influence in the region. Realism emphasizes that states act on the basis of national interests, and in this case, China acts to strengthen relations with Serbia as part of efforts to secure its strategic position in the region. Xi’s affirmation of support for Serbia can also be seen as a response to geopolitical rivalries between major powers, especially with the West.

On the other hand, Constructivism highlights the role of identity, norms, and perceptions in international relations. During this visit, Xi Jinping sought to build China’s perception as a player committed to the stability and integrity of the country, and rejecting foreign interference in a country’s domestic affairs. By paying tribute to the victims of the Chinese embassy bombing 25 years ago and affirming its rejection of similar events in the future, China is also seeking to influence international norms and public opinion against foreign interference.

Chinese President Xi Jinping, in his visit to Serbia which coincided with the 25th anniversary of the bombing of the Chinese embassy in Yugoslavia by NATO, emphasized China’s commitment to supporting Serbia in defending its sovereignty and territorial integrity. In a meeting with Serbian President Aleksandar Vučić, Xi appreciated Serbia’s firm stance in facing these challenges. This visit also provides momentum to deepen bilateral relations between the two countries.

In a speech at the airport, Xi emphasized the strong political ties between China and Serbia and the positive results of cooperation through the Belt and Road Initiative. He also expressed his hope for further discussions with Vučić on issues relevant to both countries.

During the meeting, the two leaders signed a joint statement to strengthen comprehensive strategic partnership relations and build a shared future. China is committed to supporting the building of a shared future community with Serbia through a number of initiatives, including a free trade agreement that will come into force in July 2024 and increased imports of agricultural products from Serbia.

Apart from that, Xi also used this opportunity to convey his rejection of foreign interference in Serbia’s internal affairs, especially in the context of the Chinese embassy bombing that occurred 25 years ago. Through an article published in a Serbian newspaper, Xi emphasized that China will not allow a similar tragedy to happen again and will continue to support Serbia in defending its sovereignty and integrity.

By visiting the site of a bombed embassy and paying military honors at the site, Xi also sent a strong message to the West that China opposes separatism and foreign interference in a country’s domestic affairs. This action is in line with Henry Kissinger’s diplomatic principles which emphasize the importance of stability and state integrity in international relations.

In this context, the bombing incident was also raised as a warning to the West, especially in relation to the situation in the Taiwan Strait. Xi emphasized that China will not allow this tragic history to repeat itself and will continue to fight for its sovereignty and territorial integrity. Thus, this visit is not only about strengthening relations between China and Serbia, but also as a warning to parties who have the potential to disrupt regional stability.

Thus, Xi Jinping’s visit to Serbia and his emphasis on sovereignty and rejection of foreign interference can be understood as a complex endeavor involving realpolitik factors as well as efforts to shape international norms and perceptions.

(abd)