Today, February 22, Saudi Arabia celebrates the day of the founding of the country, at the hands of Imam Muhammad bin Saud in the year 1139 AH / 1727 AD, starting from its capital, Diriyah, the journey of building a great state three centuries ago.
At the same time, the announcement of the Founding Day confirms the country’s historical depth of the Saudi royal family, as its chain of rule goes back nearly 600 years, since Mani’ Al-Muraydi founded the city of Diriyah, the 13th grandfather of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, King Salman bin Abdulaziz.
Speaking of the founding day, it is necessary to recall the biography of the founding Imam, as he had a keen vision. He studied the conditions in which his emirate was living, and the emirates around it in particular, and the center of the Arabian Peninsula in general, and since he assumed power, he began planning for change from the prevailing pattern.
To establish a new path in the history of the region, which represented unity, education, spreading culture, enhancing communication between members of society, and maintaining security. He also loved contemplation and contemplation, which indicates his character of extrapolation, deliberation, and future vision.
Who is Imam Muhammad bin Saud?
Imam Muhammad bin Saud bin Muhammad bin Muqrin was born in 1090 AH / 1679 AD, and grew up in Diriyah. He was known for many qualities, such as religiosity, love of goodness, courage, and the ability to influence.
He also benefited from the experience he had in his youth when he worked alongside his father in arranging the conditions of the emirate, which gave him complete knowledge of all its conditions. The Imam participated in defending “Diriyah” when it was invaded by Saadoun bin Muhammad, the leader of the Bani Khalid in Al-Ahsa, and they stood firm and defeated the aggressing army. .
Imam Muhammad bin Saud is considered an extension of the history of his predecessors who built and ruled Diriyah, and moved it from a city state to a vast state, and assumed power in exceptional circumstances in the middle of 1139 AH (February 1727 AD). Before he assumed power, Diriyah suffered from weakness and division for various reasons, and the spread of the plague in the Arabian Peninsula during that period, causing the death of large numbers of people.
Despite all these challenges, Imam Muhammad bin Saud was able to overcome them, unify Diriyah, and spread stability in the Al-Arid region, thereby establishing and unifying the first Saudi state.
Among the most prominent works of Imam Muhammad bin Saud during the period 1139/1158 AH corresponding to 1727/1745 AD was the unification of the two parts of Diriyah and putting it under one rule after the rule was divided in two centers, and paying attention to internal matters, strengthening the Diriyah community and unifying its members, and organizing the economic affairs of the state.
In addition to building a new neighborhood in Samhan, which is the Tarfiya neighborhood, and moved to it after the Ghusaybah neighborhood was the center of government for a long time, in addition to building the Diriyah Wall to confront external attacks coming to Diriyah from the east of the Arabian Peninsula.
Imam Muhammad bin Saud also contributed to spreading stability in the state in various fields, consecrating what some describe as the virtue of stability, political independence, and disloyalty to any power.
Starting unification campaigns
Among the most prominent things that Imam Muhammad bin Saud did during the period 1159/1179 AH, corresponding to 1746/1765 AD, was the start of the unification campaigns, assuming their leadership, unifying most of the Najd region, and spreading news of the state throughout most parts of the Arabian Peninsula.
These campaigns contributed to securing the Hajj and trade routes, making Najd a safe area, in addition to its success in confronting a number of campaigns that wanted to eliminate the state in its infancy.
Imam Muhammad bin Saud died in 1179 AH / 1765 AD, after forty years of leadership and founding. He has sons: Abdulaziz, Abdullah, Saud, Faisal, Ali, and Markhan, and daughters Haya and Tarfa.
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