Researcher Omran Al-Mutalaka discussed in his thesis, which he prepared under the title “Criminal Confrontation for Spreading Rumors: A Study in Legislation.” Bahraini and Comparative” as part of the requirements for obtaining the degree (PhD) in Philosophy in Public Law in the doctoral program At the College of Law at the University of Bahrain.
In his study, the researcher Al-Mutalaka sought to explain and analyze the legal provisions related to crimes of spreading rumors in Bahraini legislation. Comparing the legislation of the Arab Gulf states, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Italy and France, he pointed out that the crimes of spreading rumors It raises many questions, starting with the naming of the crime, which the thesis shows is the correct name It is hearsay, not rumour.
The study found that the Bahraini legislator, like other comparative legislation, considered crimes of spreading rumors to be security crimes The external state, which falls under the umbrella of criminalization of Articles (133-134) of Decree Law No. (15) of 1976 AD by issuing the Penal Code, in addition to it being a military crime if the offender has military status such that Subject to the legal provisions contained in Article 95, Paragraph (H) of Decree Law No. (34) of 2002 AD By issuing the Military Justice Law, in addition, it may be a terrorist crime if its purpose is terrorist and thus it occurs Under the umbrella of Law No. (58) of 2006 AD regarding protecting society from terrorist acts.
The study stated that the strength of the spread of a rumor is measured according to the extent of the importance of the topic to the people concerned, and according to the amount of The ambiguity related to the issue in question, and the relationship between importance and ambiguity is not an additive relationship, but rather a multiplicative one, meaning that If the importance is zero or if the ambiguity is zero, the rumor will not have the power to spread, and therefore will not There will be a rumour.
The study recommended establishing a specialized clinic to diagnose, treat, and combat rumors under the name (Rumor Clinic), which is affiliated with the Council. The Supreme Defense of the Kingdom of Bahrain, as well as a specialized department affiliated with the Security Media Department of the Ministry of Interior under the name (Combat Department). Rumors), all of which are concerned with monitoring, diagnosing and analyzing rumours, and then responding to and denying them, in order to Knowing its promoters, those who recite it, their purpose and objectives in broadcasting it, and all of this is on a studied scientific basis.
The study confirmed that combating rumors comes by establishing the concept of intellectual security, which is represented by ensuring the freedom of thoughts And the minds of the members of society are free from every impurity and false belief, which may pose a threat to the system of society And its security, which aims to achieve security and stability in social life, which is the safety of human thought from deviation Or deviate from centrism and moderation in his understanding of religious, political, social and economic matters, which leads to maintaining order General, and achieving security, tranquility and stability in political, social and economic life, and other components of national security.
The researcher called on Mutalaqa to verify and verify rumours, especially in times of crises and wars, and to return them to their original sources. If this is not possible, it must be returned to specialists for analysis and diagnosis, and then the objectives of broadcasting and publishing it can be determined.
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