Technology: None of the last 50 years has been as exciting as 2024: Space exploration will really begin next year | hvg.hu
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2023. December. 28. 11:00 Technique
If all goes according to plan, three lunar missions could take place in the month of January alone, something like this has never happened before. The United States, China and Japan are also aiming for the celestial body that accompanies the Earth, while the European Space Agency has already set its sights on Jupiter. We have collected what important events are expected in space research in 2024.
On July 20, 1969, two members of the American Apollo program crew, Neil Armstrong and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, became the first to walk on the moon. Half a century later, the race to conquer the Moon has been renewed, but this time the stakes are higher. In our series of articles we retrace 50 years of history of lunar exploration and outline possible scenarios for the colonization of the celestial body.
In the decades since the end of the Apollo program in 1972, nothing as exciting has happened in the field of space travel as has happened in recent years. This is mainly due to the fact that the private sector has also appeared in the space sector, so we can no longer expect results only from organizations under state supervision such as NASA or the European Space Agency.
It all started almost exactly eight years ago, when in December 2015 the SpaceX rocket became the first in the world to return to Earth from space after launch. Then came more and more scientific and technological successes: SpaceX’s reused launch vehicle also landed safely, then came NASA’s landing of the Mars rover Perseverance, the drone transported there, the successes of Ingenuity, not to mention the Orion spacecraft orbiting the Moon, let’s talk about it And of course there is China, whose units managed to land on Mars and the Moon, as well as India, which briefly set foot on this the last celestial body.
Events have seen a notable upswing in the last two to three years. However, the best is yet to come.
The moon is in focus
Next year’s missions will most likely target the Moon. The first should start immediately on January 12: the American Intuitive Mahnies IM-1 mission will deliver a lander to the Malapert A crater, near the southern side of the star. Several NASA instruments will be placed on board the spacecraft. According to plan, Nova-C will operate for one lunar day – that is, for 14 days – and is not expected to survive the extreme conditions that will follow, also accompanied by a fourteen-day night. It should be able to deliver enough data from the Moon in two Earth weeks.
The company plans two more missions to the Moon in 2024: IM-2, also scheduled for launch in early 2024, will carry another version of Nova-C near Shackleton Crater and could be the mission where Nokia will test how the 4G connection works. in the space.
IM-3 can begin as early as mid-2024, alongside NASA instruments with the Lunar Vertex rover.
© Johns Hopkins APL / Lunar Outpost / Ben Smith
Another private company could reach the Moon in January. The Astrobotic Peregrine Mission 1 (TO2-AB) is scheduled to launch on January 8 and land on the celestial body 32 days later. The lander was selected for the trip as part of NASA’s CLPS program and will carry many of the organization’s scientific instruments.
Japan, China and the United States would also make history
The fact that there will be a third landing attempt in January clearly shows how important the celestial body is for scientists. The operation will be conducted by engineers from the Japanese space agency JAXA. SLIM (Smart Lander for Investigating Moon) may attempt to land on January 19 and, if all goes well, will make Japan the fifth country to reach the Moon.
But Japan will not be the only Far Eastern country to reach Earth in 2024. China’s next lunar mission, Chang’o-6, could lift off in May and would also perform a historic task. With the mission, the Chinese are aiming for the Apollo crater located at the South Pole, from which the structure will be taken according to plan. This mission will also be extremely important – both for China and for the scientific world – because it will be the first time that humanity will collect samples from the far side of the Moon.
And if we’re talking about missions of historic importance, we can’t leave NASA’s Artemis-II without saying a word. According to plans, the start could begin as early as November, on board the Orion spacecraft there will be four astronauts, Reid Wiseman, Victor Glover and Christina Koch representing NASA and Jeremy Hansen from the Canadian Space Agency. Let’s hope the departure doesn’t get delayed like it almost happened when the trip was announced.
It is important that this time no man sets foot on the Moon, since the unit will not land on the surface of the celestial body. In any case, this will be the most important trip since the Apollo missions, leading to another Moon landing, the Artemis III mission.
And then comes India
India should also not be forgotten, especially after the country made history in 2023 by successfully landing its unit on the moon. This time, the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) will focus on the Gaganyaan mission, which aims to send humans into space. During the first test, the spacecraft will be able to reach a height of about 15 km, then there will be a second test, in which the vehicle will reach even higher with a robot called Vyommitra. Finally, in late 2024 or early 2025, India’s first manned flight could take place.
Spaceships can fly again
The US Space Shuttle program has been active for about thirty years, that is, for three decades America has been sending spacecraft into space. The United States could not be completely satisfied with the project, because during its 30 years of service two space planes were destroyed: the Challenger in 1986 and the Columbia in 2003. A total of 14 people lost their lives in the two disasters: 13 American astronauts and an Israeli astronaut.
The program was withdrawn in 2011 following the landing of Atlantis on 21 July. However, in 2024, the United States will have a Space Shuttle again.
Colorado-based Sierra Space has been working for years to develop the Dream Chaser spacecraft, which could finally take off in 2024. According to plans, it will launch from a rocket and then land under its own power on the landing gear, just like a airplane.
According to plans, the spacecraft will deliver supplies to the International Space Station.
It will also head to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard the Boeing CST-Starline. The capsule will be able to leave in April and, although it will only be a test, it will already be equipped with astronauts Butch Wilmore and Suni Williams. The purpose of the flight is for the company to demonstrate what the Starliner is capable of. The spacecraft is expected to remain docked to the ISS for eight days.
A milestone for Europe
Not only NASA, but also the European Space Agency (ESA) is looking forward to the year 2024 with enthusiasm. In addition to the collaboration between the two organizations on numerous projects, ESA will be able to launch its Ariane 6 rocket for the first time between June 5th and July 31st.
There have been no problems with the device during testing so far, but engineers still need to verify many things before the actual launch. If all goes according to plan, the next-generation unit will replace Ariane 5.
Illustration.
© Arianespace
To infinity and beyond
While most missions in 2024 will aim for the Moon, there will be some that will head into deep space.
Under NASA’s Small Innovative Missions for Planetary Exploration program, scientists would examine, for example, Mars’ magnetosphere. Meanwhile, ESA’s Juice probe will use the gravitational pull of the Earth and Moon for the first time in August 2024 to accelerate and eventually reach Jupiter’s icy moons. The device also recently took a selfie with our planet.
BepiColombo’s new flight near Mercury is also planned for next year. The last time the European-Japanese probe arrived within 236 km of the innermost planet of the Solar System and took beautiful photos. During the flight, the device will collect valuable data on the celestial body to better understand its functioning and surface conditions.
Also worth mentioning is NASA’s Europa Clipper mission, scheduled for October. His target is Europa, Jupiter’s icy moon, where he will look for signs of life. According to hypotheses, some form of life could be present in the frozen ocean underground. The device will be able to enter orbit around the gas giant in 2030. Those in a hurry can still get a “boarding pass” for the device, 2195 Hungarians have already done so.
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